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Statements

Subject Item
n2:RIV%2F60076658%3A12310%2F12%3A43883382%21RIV13-MSM-12310___
rdf:type
n5:Vysledek skos:Concept
dcterms:description
Pyrogenic carbon (PC- charcoal, biochar or black carbon) represents a poorly understood component of the global carbon (C) cycle, but one that has considerable potential to mitigate climate change through provision of long-term soil C sequestration. Mass balance calculations suggest global PC production and stocks are not in balance, indicating a major gap in our understanding of the processes by which PC is re-mineralized. We collected PC samples derived from the same wood material and exposed to natural environmental conditions for 1 and 11 similar to years. We subjected these materials to repeated laboratory incubation studies at temperatures of up to 60 degrees C, as ground surface temperatures above 30 degrees C and up to 60 degrees C occur regularly over a significant area of the tropics and sub-tropics. Mineralization rates were not different for the two samples and followed an exponential Arrhenius function that suggest an average turnover time of 67 similar to years for conditions typical of a tropical savannah environment. Microbial biomass as measured by chloroform fumigation and DNA extractions was the same for the two samples, but abiotic CO2 production was lower for the fresh PC sample than that for the aged sample. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hydrogen pyrolysis and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that the measured CO2 production originates dominantly from polycyclic aromatic compounds rather than any minor labile components. Therefore, rapid, sub-centennial rates of re-mineralization of PC on the soil surface in tropical and sub-tropical environments may represent a major and hitherto unidentified mechanism for balancing the PC production at the global scale. Pyrogenic carbon (PC- charcoal, biochar or black carbon) represents a poorly understood component of the global carbon (C) cycle, but one that has considerable potential to mitigate climate change through provision of long-term soil C sequestration. Mass balance calculations suggest global PC production and stocks are not in balance, indicating a major gap in our understanding of the processes by which PC is re-mineralized. We collected PC samples derived from the same wood material and exposed to natural environmental conditions for 1 and 11 similar to years. We subjected these materials to repeated laboratory incubation studies at temperatures of up to 60 degrees C, as ground surface temperatures above 30 degrees C and up to 60 degrees C occur regularly over a significant area of the tropics and sub-tropics. Mineralization rates were not different for the two samples and followed an exponential Arrhenius function that suggest an average turnover time of 67 similar to years for conditions typical of a tropical savannah environment. Microbial biomass as measured by chloroform fumigation and DNA extractions was the same for the two samples, but abiotic CO2 production was lower for the fresh PC sample than that for the aged sample. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hydrogen pyrolysis and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that the measured CO2 production originates dominantly from polycyclic aromatic compounds rather than any minor labile components. Therefore, rapid, sub-centennial rates of re-mineralization of PC on the soil surface in tropical and sub-tropical environments may represent a major and hitherto unidentified mechanism for balancing the PC production at the global scale.
dcterms:title
Rapid degradation of pyrogenic carbon Rapid degradation of pyrogenic carbon
skos:prefLabel
Rapid degradation of pyrogenic carbon Rapid degradation of pyrogenic carbon
skos:notation
RIV/60076658:12310/12:43883382!RIV13-MSM-12310___
n5:predkladatel
n18:orjk%3A12310
n3:aktivita
n11:V
n3:aktivity
V
n3:cisloPeriodika
11
n3:dodaniDat
n12:2013
n3:domaciTvurceVysledku
n10:9014632 n10:8110107 n10:5851114
n3:druhVysledku
n17:J
n3:duvernostUdaju
n13:S
n3:entitaPredkladatele
n19:predkladatel
n3:idSjednocenehoVysledku
164090
n3:idVysledku
RIV/60076658:12310/12:43883382
n3:jazykVysledku
n4:eng
n3:klicovaSlova
soil surface temperatures; pyrogenic carbon; mineralization; carbon sequestration; biochar; CYCLE; BIOCHAR; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; CHARCOAL; RAIN-FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; BLACK CARBON
n3:klicoveSlovo
n6:MICROBIAL%20BIOMASS n6:biochar n6:pyrogenic%20carbon n6:soil%20surface%20temperatures n6:TEMPERATURE n6:SOIL%20RESPIRATION n6:CHARCOAL n6:CLIMATE n6:carbon%20sequestration n6:BIOCHAR n6:BLACK%20CARBON n6:RAIN-FOREST n6:CYCLE n6:ORGANIC-MATTER n6:mineralization
n3:kodStatuVydavatele
GB - Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska
n3:kontrolniKodProRIV
[45901784B4BB]
n3:nazevZdroje
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
n3:obor
n16:EH
n3:pocetDomacichTvurcuVysledku
3
n3:pocetTvurcuVysledku
9
n3:rokUplatneniVysledku
n12:2012
n3:svazekPeriodika
18
n3:tvurceVysledku
Šantrůčková, Hana Bird, Michael I. Čapek, Petr Smernik, Ronald Zimmermann, Michael Saiz, Gustavo Wurster, Christopher Bárta, Jiří Goodrick, Iain
n3:wos
000309450300006
s:issn
1354-1013
s:numberOfPages
11
n14:doi
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02796.x
n9:organizacniJednotka
12310