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Statements

Subject Item
n2:RIV%2F00216208%3A11310%2F14%3A10282416%21RIV15-MSM-11310___
rdf:type
skos:Concept n17:Vysledek
rdfs:seeAlso
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003208
dcterms:description
Aggregations in insects carry out diverse functions, and gregariousness may also act as an antipredatory strategy, especially when combined with warning signalling. Despite many studies focused on the antipredatory function of gregariousness, there are still aspects needing further investigation: What aspects of predator behaviour are affected by prey gregariousness? Which of the antipredatory effects of aggregations are linked with aposematic coloration, and which will also work for non-aposematic prey? Does gregariousness of an aposematic species affect its mimetic relationships? We have studied these topics in the firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera), an aposematic red-and-black true bug with moderate chemical defence. Firebugs alternate between solitary and gregarious lifestyles throughout the year. We used hand-reared great tits (Parus major) as naive predators, and subjected them to avoidance training with either solitarily or gregariously presented firebugs, followed by a memory test with solitary individuals. To test whether effects of gregariousness are specific for the aposematic firebugs, we tested another group of birds with brown-painted firebugs. Our results show that the gregarious lifestyle of the firebug is a part of its antipredatory strategy. Compared to solitary individuals, aggregations benefited in several ways, some exclusive for aposematic firebugs, others working irrespective of coloration. Aggregations induced greater innate wariness, leading to longer attack latencies and more cautious prey handling, including complete attack avoidance in some birds. Despite the fact that the birds mostly attacked only one or two individuals from an aggregation, they needed fewer trials to reach the avoidance-learning criterion than the birds learning to avoid solitary firebugs. Aggregations in insects carry out diverse functions, and gregariousness may also act as an antipredatory strategy, especially when combined with warning signalling. Despite many studies focused on the antipredatory function of gregariousness, there are still aspects needing further investigation: What aspects of predator behaviour are affected by prey gregariousness? Which of the antipredatory effects of aggregations are linked with aposematic coloration, and which will also work for non-aposematic prey? Does gregariousness of an aposematic species affect its mimetic relationships? We have studied these topics in the firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera), an aposematic red-and-black true bug with moderate chemical defence. Firebugs alternate between solitary and gregarious lifestyles throughout the year. We used hand-reared great tits (Parus major) as naive predators, and subjected them to avoidance training with either solitarily or gregariously presented firebugs, followed by a memory test with solitary individuals. To test whether effects of gregariousness are specific for the aposematic firebugs, we tested another group of birds with brown-painted firebugs. Our results show that the gregarious lifestyle of the firebug is a part of its antipredatory strategy. Compared to solitary individuals, aggregations benefited in several ways, some exclusive for aposematic firebugs, others working irrespective of coloration. Aggregations induced greater innate wariness, leading to longer attack latencies and more cautious prey handling, including complete attack avoidance in some birds. Despite the fact that the birds mostly attacked only one or two individuals from an aggregation, they needed fewer trials to reach the avoidance-learning criterion than the birds learning to avoid solitary firebugs.
dcterms:title
Gregariousness as a defence strategy of moderately defended prey: experiments with Pyrrhocoris apterus and avian predators Gregariousness as a defence strategy of moderately defended prey: experiments with Pyrrhocoris apterus and avian predators
skos:prefLabel
Gregariousness as a defence strategy of moderately defended prey: experiments with Pyrrhocoris apterus and avian predators Gregariousness as a defence strategy of moderately defended prey: experiments with Pyrrhocoris apterus and avian predators
skos:notation
RIV/00216208:11310/14:10282416!RIV15-MSM-11310___
n3:aktivita
n9:I n9:P
n3:aktivity
I, P(GAP505/11/1459)
n3:cisloPeriodika
11
n3:dodaniDat
n16:2015
n3:domaciTvurceVysledku
n10:7620411 n10:6825923
n3:druhVysledku
n6:J
n3:duvernostUdaju
n19:S
n3:entitaPredkladatele
n13:predkladatel
n3:idSjednocenehoVysledku
18618
n3:idVysledku
RIV/00216208:11310/14:10282416
n3:jazykVysledku
n15:eng
n3:klicovaSlova
Parus major; naive predators; mimetic complex; Heteroptera; gregariousness; avoidance learning; aposematism; aggregations
n3:klicoveSlovo
n4:aggregations n4:gregariousness n4:naive%20predators n4:aposematism n4:Heteroptera n4:mimetic%20complex n4:Parus%20major n4:avoidance%20learning
n3:kodStatuVydavatele
NL - Nizozemsko
n3:kontrolniKodProRIV
[988E0246FDE8]
n3:nazevZdroje
Behaviour
n3:obor
n7:EG
n3:pocetDomacichTvurcuVysledku
2
n3:pocetTvurcuVysledku
3
n3:projekt
n20:GAP505%2F11%2F1459
n3:rokUplatneniVysledku
n16:2014
n3:svazekPeriodika
151
n3:tvurceVysledku
Štys, Pavel Exnerová, Alice Hotová Svádová, Kateřina
n3:wos
000342725700006
s:issn
0005-7959
s:numberOfPages
24
n18:doi
10.1163/1568539X-00003208
n14:organizacniJednotka
11310