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Statements

Subject Item
n2:RIV%2F00216208%3A11310%2F13%3A10145643%21RIV14-MSM-11310___
rdf:type
n11:Vysledek skos:Concept
rdfs:seeAlso
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062530
dcterms:description
Since typically there are many predators feeding on most herbivores in natural communities, understanding multiple predator effects is critical for both community and applied ecology. Experiments of multiple predator effects on prey populations are extremely demanding, as the number of treatments and the amount of labour associated with these experiments increases exponentially with the number of species in question. Therefore, researchers tend to vary only presence/absence of the species and use only one (supposedly realistic) combination of their numbers in experiments. However, nonlinearities in density dependence, functional responses, interactions between natural enemies etc. are typical for such systems, and nonlinear models of population dynamics generally predict qualitatively different results, if initial absolute densities of the species studied differ, even if their relative densities are maintained. Therefore, testing combinations of natural enemies without varying their densities may not be sufficient. Here we test this prediction experimentally. We show that the population dynamics of a system consisting of 2 natural enemies (aphid predator Adalia bipunctata (L.), and aphid parasitoid, Aphidius colemani Viereck) and their shared prey (peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer) are strongly affected by the absolute initial densities of the species in question. Even if their relative densities are kept constant, the natural enemy species or combination thereof that most effectively suppresses the prey may depend on the absolute initial densities used in the experiment. Future empirical studies of multiple predator - one prey interactions should therefore use a two-dimensional array of initial densities of the studied species. Varying only combinations of natural enemies without varying their densities is not sufficient and can lead to misleading results. Since typically there are many predators feeding on most herbivores in natural communities, understanding multiple predator effects is critical for both community and applied ecology. Experiments of multiple predator effects on prey populations are extremely demanding, as the number of treatments and the amount of labour associated with these experiments increases exponentially with the number of species in question. Therefore, researchers tend to vary only presence/absence of the species and use only one (supposedly realistic) combination of their numbers in experiments. However, nonlinearities in density dependence, functional responses, interactions between natural enemies etc. are typical for such systems, and nonlinear models of population dynamics generally predict qualitatively different results, if initial absolute densities of the species studied differ, even if their relative densities are maintained. Therefore, testing combinations of natural enemies without varying their densities may not be sufficient. Here we test this prediction experimentally. We show that the population dynamics of a system consisting of 2 natural enemies (aphid predator Adalia bipunctata (L.), and aphid parasitoid, Aphidius colemani Viereck) and their shared prey (peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer) are strongly affected by the absolute initial densities of the species in question. Even if their relative densities are kept constant, the natural enemy species or combination thereof that most effectively suppresses the prey may depend on the absolute initial densities used in the experiment. Future empirical studies of multiple predator - one prey interactions should therefore use a two-dimensional array of initial densities of the studied species. Varying only combinations of natural enemies without varying their densities is not sufficient and can lead to misleading results.
dcterms:title
Nonlinearities Lead to Qualitative Differences in Population Dynamics of Predator-Prey Systems Nonlinearities Lead to Qualitative Differences in Population Dynamics of Predator-Prey Systems
skos:prefLabel
Nonlinearities Lead to Qualitative Differences in Population Dynamics of Predator-Prey Systems Nonlinearities Lead to Qualitative Differences in Population Dynamics of Predator-Prey Systems
skos:notation
RIV/00216208:11310/13:10145643!RIV14-MSM-11310___
n11:predkladatel
n15:orjk%3A11310
n3:aktivita
n7:P n7:I
n3:aktivity
I, P(ED1.1.00/02.0073), P(GEVOL/11/E036)
n3:cisloPeriodika
4
n3:dodaniDat
n14:2014
n3:domaciTvurceVysledku
n10:2861119
n3:druhVysledku
n21:J
n3:duvernostUdaju
n18:S
n3:entitaPredkladatele
n20:predkladatel
n3:idSjednocenehoVysledku
91980
n3:idVysledku
RIV/00216208:11310/13:10145643
n3:jazykVysledku
n9:eng
n3:klicovaSlova
consequences; suppression; natural enemies; emergent impacts; ecological communities; interspecific competition; field experiments; aphid populations; biological-control; intraguild predation
n3:klicoveSlovo
n5:suppression n5:field%20experiments n5:emergent%20impacts n5:natural%20enemies n5:interspecific%20competition n5:intraguild%20predation n5:biological-control n5:aphid%20populations n5:ecological%20communities n5:consequences
n3:kodStatuVydavatele
ES - Španělské království
n3:kontrolniKodProRIV
[EFEA87278717]
n3:nazevZdroje
PLoS ONE
n3:obor
n4:EH
n3:pocetDomacichTvurcuVysledku
1
n3:pocetTvurcuVysledku
3
n3:projekt
n19:ED1.1.00%2F02.0073 n19:GEVOL%2F11%2FE036
n3:rokUplatneniVysledku
n14:2013
n3:svazekPeriodika
8
n3:tvurceVysledku
Kindlmann, Pavel Ameixa, Olga M. C. C. Messelink, Gerben J.
n3:wos
000318341400058
s:issn
1932-6203
s:numberOfPages
9
n13:doi
10.1371/journal.pone.0062530
n17:organizacniJednotka
11310