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| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - Insulin detemir is a long-acting human insulin analogue used to maintain basal levels of insulin in diabetic individuals. It is produced using recombinant DNA technology in yeast cells. This insulin analogue has a 14-C fatty acid, myristic acid, bound to the lysine amino acid at position B29. The myristoyl side chain increases self-association and albumin binding. This along with slow systemic absorption from the injection site prolongs distribution of the hormone into tissues and results in a long duration of action. Novo Nordisk markets insulin detemir under the trade name Levemir. (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/dosage
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| http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Kurtzhals P: Pharmacology of insulin detemir. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2007 Aug;36 Suppl 1:14-20. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17881328 # Morales J: Defining the role of insulin detemir in Basal insulin therapy. Drugs. 2007;67(17):2557-84. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18034591 # Tibaldi J: Actions of insulin beyond glycemic control: a perspective on insulin detemir. Adv Ther. 2007 Jul-Aug;24(4):868-82. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901036 # Danne T, Lupke K, Walte K, Von Schuetz W, Gall MA: Insulin detemir is characterized by a consistent pharmacokinetic profile across age-groups in children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Nov;26(11):3087-92. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14578244 # Owens DR, Bolli GB: Beyond the era of NPH insulin--long-acting insulin analogs: chemistry, comparative pharmacology, and clinical application. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2008 Oct;10(5):333-49. doi: 10.1089/dia.2008.0023. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18715209 (en)
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/halfLife
| - 5 - 7 hours depending on dose. The half life also differs between age groups (type 1 diabetes patients): Children (6-12 years) = 302 ± 100 minutes; Adolescents (13-17 years) = 301 ± 107 minutes; Adults (18-65 years) = 425 ± 78 minutes (en)
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - For the treatment of type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. May be used in combination with oral anti-diabetic agents in type 2 diabetic patients who are not in adequate metabolic control with oral anti-diabetic agents alone. (en)
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| adms:identifier
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - Insulin detemir binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor autophosphorylates and phosphorylates numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. Activation of these proteins leads to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC), both of which play critical roles in metabolism and catabolism. Insulin detemir’s long duration of action appears to be a result of slow systemic absorption from the injection site and delayed distribution to target tissues. The myristic acid side chain on insulin detemir increases self-association and gives it a high binding affinity to serum albumin. These features slows its distribution into target tissues and prolongs its duration of action. (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/packager
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/patent
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Insulin detemir (en)
- Levemir (en)
- Insulin detemir recombinant (en)
- Levemir flexpen (en)
- Levemir innolet (en)
- Levemir penfill (en)
- NN-304 (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/toxicity
| - Hypoglycemia may occur with inappropriately high doses. Neurogenic (autonomic) signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include trembling, palpitations, sweating, anxiety, hunger, nausea and tingling. Neuroglycopenic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include difficulty concentrating, lethargy/weakness, confusion, drowsiness, vision changes, difficulty speaking, headache, and dizziness. Mild hypoglycemia is characterized by the presence of autonomic symptoms. Moderate hypoglycemia is characterized by the presence of autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms. Individuals may become unconscious in severe cases of hypoglycemia. Injection site reactions may also occur. Symptoms include: redness, inflammation, bruising, swelling and itching at the injection site. (en)
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| http://linked.open...umeOfDistribution
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| http://linked.open.../drug/hasAHFSCode
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| http://linked.open...nk/proteinBinding
| - > 98% bound to albumin (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/mesh/hasConcept
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| foaf:page
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| http://linked.open...Molecular-Formula
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| http://linked.open.../Molecular-Weight
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| http://linked.open...l/drug/hasATCCode
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/absorption
| - Maximum serum concentrations are reached 6 to 8 hours following subcutaneous injection. When single dose of 0.5 units/kg of insulin detemir was given to adult type 1 diabetes patients, the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 4,641 ± 2,299 pmol/L. Absorption is also dependent on the site of injection. When injected into the thigh, the AUC was lower than when injected into the deltoid and abdominal regions. Bioavailability is approximately 60%. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../affectedOrganism
| - Humans and other mammals (en)
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| http://linked.open...casRegistryNumber
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/category
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| http://linked.open...rugbank/clearance
| - Apparent clearance (CL/F), type 1 diabetes adult patients = 3.41 ± 1.00 L/min·kg (en)
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| http://linked.open...gbank/containedIn
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