http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Zawada ET Jr: Renal consequences of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Postgrad Med. 1982 May;71(5):223-30. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7041104 # Townsend KP, Pratico D: Novel therapeutic opportunities for Alzheimer's disease: focus on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. FASEB J. 2005 Oct;19(12):1592-601. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195368 # Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild MA, McCullough ML, Calle EE, Thun MJ, Ascherio A: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2005 Dec;58(6):963-7. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16240369 # Geisslinger G, Dietzel K, Bezler H, Nuernberg B, Brune K: Therapeutically relevant differences in the pharmacokinetical and pharmaceutical behavior of ibuprofen lysinate as compared to ibuprofen acid. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1989 Jul;27(7):324-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2777420 # Bergner T, Przybilla B: Photosensitization caused by ibuprofen. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992 Jan;26(1):114-6. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1531054 # Dill J, Patel AR, Yang XL, Bachoo R, Powell CM, Li S: A molecular mechanism for ibuprofen-mediated RhoA inhibition in neurons. J Neurosci. 2010 Jan 20;30(3):963-72. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5045-09.2010. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20089905 (en)
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http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - The exact mechanism of action of ibuprofen is unknown. Ibuprofen is a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, an enzyme invovled in prostaglandin synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Its pharmacological effects are believed to be due to inhibition cylooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever and swelling. Antipyretic effects may be due to action on the hypothalamus, resulting in an increased peripheral blood flow, vasodilation, and subsequent heat dissipation. Inhibition of COX-1 is thought to cause some of the side effects of ibuprofen including GI ulceration. Ibuprofen is administered as a racemic mixture. The R-enantiomer undergoes extensive interconversion to the S-enantiomer <i>in vivo</i>. The S-enantiomer is believed to be the more pharmacologically active enantiomer. (en)
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