| Attributes | Values |
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| rdf:type
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| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. [PubChem] (en)
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| http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Siegel RK, Elsohly MA, Plowman T, Rury PM, Jones RT: Cocaine in herbal tea. JAMA. 1986 Jan 3;255(1):40. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3940302 # Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fischman MW, Foltin R, Fowler JS, Franceschi D, Franceschi M, Logan J, Gatley SJ, Wong C, Ding YS, Hitzemann R, Pappas N: Effects of route of administration on cocaine induced dopamine transporter blockade in the human brain. Life Sci. 2000 Aug 11;67(12):1507-15. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10983846 # Dimitrijevic N, Dzitoyeva S, Manev H: An automated assay of the behavioral effects of cocaine injections in adult Drosophila. J Neurosci Methods. 2004 Aug 30;137(2):181-4. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15262059 # Uz T, Akhisaroglu M, Ahmed R, Manev H: The pineal gland is critical for circadian Period1 expression in the striatum and for circadian cocaine sensitization in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Dec;28(12):2117-23. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12865893 # McClung CA, Sidiropoulou K, Vitaterna M, Takahashi JS, White FJ, Cooper DC, Nestler EJ: Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the Clock gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 28;102(26):9377-81. Epub 2005 Jun 20. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967985 (en)
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
| - approved (en)
- illicit (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/halfLife
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - For the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities. (en)
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| sameAs
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| Title
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| adms:identifier
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - Cocaine produces anesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. This is achieved by reversibly binding to and inactivating sodium channels. Sodium influx through these channels is necessary for the depolarization of nerve cell membranes and subsequent propagation of impulses along the course of the nerve. Cocaine is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive properties. This is a result of its blockade of norepinephrine reuptake in the autonomic nervous system. Cocaine binds differentially to the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transport proteins and directly prevents the re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine into pre-synaptic neurons. Its effect on dopamine levels is most responsible for the addictive property of cocaine. (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/packager
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Cocaine (en)
- (−)-cocaine (en)
- Benzoylmethylecgonine (en)
- Cocain (en)
- Kokain (en)
- Neurocaine (en)
- beta-Cocain (en)
- [1R-(Exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester (en)
- (-)-Cocaine (en)
- Cocaina (en)
- Cocainum (en)
- L-Cocain (en)
- L-Cocaine (en)
- Methyl benzoylecgonine (en)
- 2-Methyl-3beta-hydroxy-1alphah,5alphah-tropane-2beta-carboxylate benzoate (ester) (en)
- Methyl [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/toxicity
| - Intense agitation, convulsions, hypertension, rhythm disturbance, coronary insufficiency, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and renal impairment. Oral mouse LD<sub>50</sub> = 96 mg/kg (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drug/hasAHFSCode
| |
| http://linked.open...ynthesisReference
| - Nobuyuki Shigetoh, Hiroshi Nakayama, Jinsei Miyazaki, Tadayasu Mitsumata, "Labelling colors for detecting cocaine or methamphetamine, method of preparing the same and detector for cocaine or methamphetamine." U.S. Patent US5571727, issued October, 1981. (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/mesh/hasConcept
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| foaf:page
| |
| http://linked.open...ugbank/IUPAC-Name
| |
| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/InChI
| |
| http://linked.open...Molecular-Formula
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| http://linked.open.../Molecular-Weight
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| http://linked.open...noisotopic-Weight
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/SMILES
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| http://linked.open.../Water-Solubility
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logP
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logS
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| http://linked.open...logy/drugbank/pKa
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| http://linked.open...l/drug/hasATCCode
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| http://linked.open...nd-Acceptor-Count
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| http://linked.open...-Bond-Donor-Count
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/InChIKey
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| http://linked.open...urface-Area--PSA-
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| http://linked.open...nk/Polarizability
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| http://linked.open...bank/Refractivity
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| http://linked.open...atable-Bond-Count
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/absorption
| - Cocaine is absorbed from all sites of application, including mucous membranes and gastrointestinal mucosa. By oral or intra-nasal route, 60 to 80% of cocaine is absorbed. (en)
|
| http://linked.open.../affectedOrganism
| - Humans and other mammals (en)
|
| http://linked.open...casRegistryNumber
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/category
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| http://linked.open...gbank/containedIn
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| http://linked.open...k/Bioavailability
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| http://linked.open...bank/Ghose-Filter
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| http://linked.open...nk/MDDR-Like-Rule
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| http://linked.open...ank/Melting-Point
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| http://linked.open...k/Number-of-Rings
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| http://linked.open...siological-Charge
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| http://linked.open...bank/Rule-of-Five
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| http://linked.open...tional-IUPAC-Name
| |
| http://linked.open...-strongest-basic-
| |
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