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| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - Perindopril is a nonsulfhydryl prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to perindoprilat, its active metabolite, following oral administration. Perindoprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Perindopril may be used to treat mild to moderate essential hypertension, mild to moderate congestive heart failure, and to reduce the cardiovascular risk of individuals with hypertension or post-myocardial infarction and stable coronary disease. (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/dosage
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| http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Hurst M, Jarvis B: Perindopril: an updated review of its use in hypertension. Drugs. 2001;61(6):867-96. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11398915 # Jastrzebskal M, Widecka K, Naruszewicz M, Ciechanowicz A, Janczak-Bazan A, Foltynska A, Goracy I, Chetstowski K, Wesotowska T: Effects of perindopril treatment on hemostatic function in patients with essential hypertension in relation to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004 Oct;14(5):259-69. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673060 # Parker E, Aarons L, Rowland M, Resplandy G: The pharmacokinetics of perindoprilat in normal volunteers and patients: influence of age and disease state. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2005 Sep;26(1):104-13. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15982858 # Simpson D, Noble S, Goa KL: Perindopril: in congestive heart failure. Drugs. 2002;62(9):1367-77; discussion 1378-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076191 # Yasumatsu R, Nakashima T, Masuda M, Ito A, Kuratomi Y, Nakagawa T, Komune S: Effects of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on tumor growth and angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2004 Oct;130(10):567-73. Epub 2004 Jul 27. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15449186 # Yoshiji H, Kuriyama S, Kawata M, Yoshii J, Ikenaka Y, Noguchi R, Nakatani T, Tsujinoue H, Fukui H: The angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis: possible role of the vascular endothelial growth factor. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Apr;7(4):1073-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11309359 (en)
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/halfLife
| - Perindopril, 1.2 hours; Peridoprilat, 30-120 hours. The long half life of peridoprilat is due to its slow dissociation from ACE binding sites. (en)
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - For the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension, mild to moderate congestive heart failure, and to reduce the cardiovascular risk of individuals with hypertension or post-myocardial infarction and stable coronary disease. (en)
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| http://linked.open...bank/manufacturer
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| sameAs
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| Title
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| adms:identifier
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - There are two isoforms of ACE: the somatic isoform, which exists as a glycoprotein comprised of a single polypeptide chain of 1277; and the testicular isoform, which has a lower molecular mass and is thought to play a role in sperm maturation and binding of sperm to the oviduct epithelium. Somatic ACE has two functionally active domains, N and C, which arise from tandem gene duplication. Although the two domains have high sequence similarity, they play distinct physiological roles. The C-domain is predominantly involved in blood pressure regulation while the N-domain plays a role in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and proliferation. ACE inhibitors bind to and inhibit the activity of both domains, but have much greater affinity for and inhibitory activity against the C-domain. Perindoprilat, the active metabolite of perindopril, competes with ATI for binding to ACE and inhibits and enzymatic proteolysis of ATI to ATII. Decreasing ATII levels in the body decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the pressor effects of ATII as described in the Pharmacology section above. Perindopril also causes an increase in plasma renin activity likely due to a loss of feedback inhibition mediated by ATII on the release of renin and/or stimulation of reflex mechanisms via baroreceptors. (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/packager
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/patent
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| http://linked.open...outeOfElimination
| - Perindopril is extensively metabolized following oral administration, with only 4 to 12% of the dose recovered unchanged in the urine. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Perindopril Erbumine (en)
- (2S,3AS,7as)-1-[(2S)-2-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino}propanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (en)
- Perindoprilum (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/toxicity
| - The most likely symptom of overdose is severe hypotension. The most common adverse effects observed in controlled clinical trials include cough, digestive symptoms, fatigue, headache, and dizziness. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drug/hasAHFSCode
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| http://linked.open...k/foodInteraction
| - High salt intake may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of perindopril. (en)
- Take without regard to meals. (en)
- Herbs that may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of perindopril include: bayberry, blue cohash, cayenne, ephedra, ginger, ginseng (American), kola and licorice. (en)
- Perindopril may decrease the excretion of potassium. Salt substitutes containing potassium may increase the risk of hyperkalemia. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/mixture
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| http://linked.open...nk/proteinBinding
| - Perindoprilat, 10-20% bound to plasma proteins (en)
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| http://linked.open...ynthesisReference
| - Michel Vincent, Jean Baliarda, Bernard Marchand, Georges Remond, "Process for the industrial synthesis of perindopril." U.S. Patent US4914214, issued April 03, 1990. (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/mesh/hasConcept
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| foaf:page
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/IUPAC-Name
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/InChI
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| http://linked.open...Molecular-Formula
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| http://linked.open.../Molecular-Weight
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| http://linked.open...noisotopic-Weight
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/SMILES
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| http://linked.open.../Water-Solubility
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logP
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logS
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| http://linked.open...l/drug/hasATCCode
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| http://linked.open...nd-Acceptor-Count
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| http://linked.open...-Bond-Donor-Count
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/InChIKey
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| http://linked.open...urface-Area--PSA-
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| http://linked.open...nk/Polarizability
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| http://linked.open...bank/Refractivity
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| http://linked.open...atable-Bond-Count
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/absorption
| - Rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1 hour after oral administration. Bioavailability is 65-75%. Following absorption, perindopril is hydrolyzed to perindoprilat, which has an average bioavailability of 20%. The rate and extent of absorption is unaffected by food. However, food decreases the extent of biotransformation to peridoprilat and reduces its bioavailability by 35%. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../affectedOrganism
| - Humans and other mammals (en)
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| http://linked.open...casRegistryNumber
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/category
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| http://linked.open...rugbank/clearance
| - * 219 - 362 mL/min [oral administration] (en)
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| http://linked.open...gbank/containedIn
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| http://linked.open...k/Bioavailability
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| http://linked.open...bank/Ghose-Filter
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| http://linked.open...nk/MDDR-Like-Rule
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| http://linked.open...k/Number-of-Rings
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| http://linked.open...siological-Charge
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| http://linked.open...bank/Rule-of-Five
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| http://linked.open...tional-IUPAC-Name
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| http://linked.open...strongest-acidic-
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| http://linked.open...-strongest-basic-
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