| Attributes | Values |
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| rdf:type
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| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid. (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/dosage
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| http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Improving clinical outcomes from acute subdural hematomas with the emergency preoperative administration of high doses of mannitol: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2001 Oct;49(4):864-71. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11564247 # Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of mannitol for intraparenchymal temporal lobe hemorrhages with abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2002 Sep;51(3):628-37; discussion 637-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12188940 # Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K, Facco E: Successful use of the new high-dose mannitol treatment in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 and bilateral abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;100(3):376-83. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15035271 # Roberts I, Smith R, Evans S: Doubts over head injury studies. BMJ. 2007 Feb 24;334(7590):392-4. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322250 # Wakai A, Roberts I, Schierhout G: Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Oct 19;(4):CD001049. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16235278 # Wang YM, van Eys J: Nutritional significance of fructose and sugar alcohols. Annu Rev Nutr. 1981;1:437-75. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6821187 (en)
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
| - approved (en)
- investigational (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/halfLife
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - Used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established, the reduction of intracranial pressure, the treatment of cerebral edema, and the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances. (en)
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| http://linked.open...bank/manufacturer
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| sameAs
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| Title
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| adms:identifier
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. As a diurectic mannitol induces diuresis because it is not reabsorbed in the renal tubule, thereby increasing the osmolality of the glomerular filtrate, facilitating excretion of water, and inhibiting the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and other solutes. Mannitol promotes the urinary excretion of toxic materials and protects against nephrotoxicity by preventing the concentration of toxic substances in the tubular fluid. As an Antiglaucoma agent mannitol levates blood plasma osmolarity, resulting in enhanced flow of water from the eye into plasma and a consequent reduction in intraocular pressure. As a renal function diagnostic aid mannitol is freely filtered by the glomeruli with less than 10% tubular reabsorption. Therefore, its urinary excretion rate may serve as a measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/packager
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| http://linked.open...outeOfElimination
| - It is rapidly excreted in the urine. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Mannitol (en)
- Mannit (en)
- Mannite (en)
- D-Mannitol (en)
- Osmitrol (en)
- (2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol (en)
- (2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (en)
- D-(-)-Mannitol (en)
- Fraxinine (en)
- Manitol (en)
- Manna Sugar (en)
- Mannitolum (en)
- e 421 (en)
- e-421 (en)
- e421 (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/toxicity
| - LD<sub>50</sub>=1700 mg/kg (rat oral) (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drug/hasAHFSCode
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/mixture
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| http://linked.open...nk/proteinBinding
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| http://linked.open...ynthesisReference
| - Walter M. Kruse, "Process for preparing mannitol from glucose." U.S. Patent US4029878, issued August, 1956. (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/mesh/hasConcept
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| foaf:page
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/IUPAC-Name
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/InChI
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| http://linked.open...Molecular-Formula
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| http://linked.open.../Molecular-Weight
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| http://linked.open...noisotopic-Weight
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/SMILES
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| http://linked.open.../Water-Solubility
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logP
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logS
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| http://linked.open...logy/drugbank/pKa
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