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  • In the last two decades the low energy range is employed in the SEM operation for many reasons that include reduced charging of non-conductive specimens, better visualisation of surface relief, larger emitted signals and, at very low energies below 100 eV, new families of image contrasts. While energy around 1 keV is available in SEM of conventional design, extension down to about 200 eV is possible by using a compound objective lens with a retarding field element and very low energies require applying the retarding field directly to the specimen surface in so-called cathode lens [1 to 4]. The cathode lens can be inserted to below the standard objective lens of SEM [3] and most efficient is to use a coaxially positioned single-crystal scintillator disc with small central hole, serving as the anode and detector simultaneously [5]. In this configuration, an arbitrary low impact energy of primary electrons is adjusted by high negative biasing of the specimen.
  • In the last two decades the low energy range is employed in the SEM operation for many reasons that include reduced charging of non-conductive specimens, better visualisation of surface relief, larger emitted signals and, at very low energies below 100 eV, new families of image contrasts. While energy around 1 keV is available in SEM of conventional design, extension down to about 200 eV is possible by using a compound objective lens with a retarding field element and very low energies require applying the retarding field directly to the specimen surface in so-called cathode lens [1 to 4]. The cathode lens can be inserted to below the standard objective lens of SEM [3] and most efficient is to use a coaxially positioned single-crystal scintillator disc with small central hole, serving as the anode and detector simultaneously [5]. In this configuration, an arbitrary low impact energy of primary electrons is adjusted by high negative biasing of the specimen. (en)
Title
  • Computer Controlled Low Energy SEM.
  • Computer Controlled Low Energy SEM. (en)
skos:prefLabel
  • Computer Controlled Low Energy SEM.
  • Computer Controlled Low Energy SEM. (en)
skos:notation
  • RIV/68081731:_____/03:12030023!RIV/2004/AV0/A12004/N
http://linked.open.../vavai/riv/strany
  • 116 ; 117
http://linked.open...avai/riv/aktivita
http://linked.open...avai/riv/aktivity
  • P(IBS2065017), Z(AV0Z2065902)
http://linked.open...iv/cisloPeriodika
  • Sup. 3
http://linked.open...vai/riv/dodaniDat
http://linked.open...aciTvurceVysledku
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  • 601928
http://linked.open...ai/riv/idVysledku
  • RIV/68081731:_____/03:12030023
http://linked.open...riv/jazykVysledku
http://linked.open.../riv/klicovaSlova
  • low energy SEM; scanning electron microscope; non-conductive specimens (en)
http://linked.open.../riv/klicoveSlovo
http://linked.open...odStatuVydavatele
  • US - Spojené státy americké
http://linked.open...ontrolniKodProRIV
  • [127A5A0674FE]
http://linked.open...i/riv/nazevZdroje
  • Microscopy and Microanalysis
http://linked.open...in/vavai/riv/obor
http://linked.open...ichTvurcuVysledku
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http://linked.open...vavai/riv/projekt
http://linked.open...UplatneniVysledku
http://linked.open...v/svazekPeriodika
  • 9
http://linked.open...iv/tvurceVysledku
  • Müllerová, Ilona
  • Frank, Luděk
  • Mika, Filip
  • Lopour, F.
  • Ryšávka, J.
  • Zadražil, M.
http://linked.open...n/vavai/riv/zamer
issn
  • 1431-9276
number of pages
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