Description
| - Most HF CWs have been designed to treat municipal or domestic wastewater. Nowadays, municipal HF CWs focus not only on common pollutants but also on special parameters such as pharmaceuticals or endocrine disruptive chemicals. At present, HF CWs are used to treat many other types of wastewater. Industrial applications include wastewaters from oil refineries, chemical factories, pulp and paper production, tannery and textile industries, abattoir, distillery and winery industries. In particular, the use of HF CWs is getting very common for treatment of food processing wastewaters (e.g., production and processing of milk, cheese, potatoes, sugar). HF constructed wetlands are also successfully used to treat wastewaters from agriculture (e.g., pig and dairy farms, fish farm effluents), various runoff waters (agriculture, airports, highway, greenhouses, plant nursery) and landfill leachate.
- Most HF CWs have been designed to treat municipal or domestic wastewater. Nowadays, municipal HF CWs focus not only on common pollutants but also on special parameters such as pharmaceuticals or endocrine disruptive chemicals. At present, HF CWs are used to treat many other types of wastewater. Industrial applications include wastewaters from oil refineries, chemical factories, pulp and paper production, tannery and textile industries, abattoir, distillery and winery industries. In particular, the use of HF CWs is getting very common for treatment of food processing wastewaters (e.g., production and processing of milk, cheese, potatoes, sugar). HF constructed wetlands are also successfully used to treat wastewaters from agriculture (e.g., pig and dairy farms, fish farm effluents), various runoff waters (agriculture, airports, highway, greenhouses, plant nursery) and landfill leachate. (en)
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