About: Chemical Preparation of Graphene Materials Results in Extensive Unintentional Doping with Heteroatoms and Metals

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rdf:type	skos:Concept http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/domain/vavai/Vysledek
Description	Chemical synthesis of graphene relies on the usage of various chemical reagents. The initial synthesis step, in which graphite is oxidized to graphite oxide, is achieved by a combination of chemical oxidants and acids. A subsequent chemical reduction step eliminates/reduces most oxygen functionalities to yield graphene. We demonstrate here that these chemical treatments significantly contaminate graphene with heteroatoms/metals, depending on the procedures followed. Contaminations with heteroatoms (N, B, Cl, S) or metals (Mn, Al) were present at relatively high concentrations (up to 3 at%), with their chemical states dependent on the procedures. Such unintentional contaminations (unwanted doping) during chemical synthesis are rarely anticipated and reported, although the heteroatoms/ metals may alter the electronic and catalytic properties of graphene. In fact, the levels of unintentionally introduced contaminants on graphene are often higher than typical levels found on intentionally doped graphene. Our findings are important for scientists applying chemical methods to prepare graphene. Chemical synthesis of graphene relies on the usage of various chemical reagents. The initial synthesis step, in which graphite is oxidized to graphite oxide, is achieved by a combination of chemical oxidants and acids. A subsequent chemical reduction step eliminates/reduces most oxygen functionalities to yield graphene. We demonstrate here that these chemical treatments significantly contaminate graphene with heteroatoms/metals, depending on the procedures followed. Contaminations with heteroatoms (N, B, Cl, S) or metals (Mn, Al) were present at relatively high concentrations (up to 3 at%), with their chemical states dependent on the procedures. Such unintentional contaminations (unwanted doping) during chemical synthesis are rarely anticipated and reported, although the heteroatoms/ metals may alter the electronic and catalytic properties of graphene. In fact, the levels of unintentionally introduced contaminants on graphene are often higher than typical levels found on intentionally doped graphene. Our findings are important for scientists applying chemical methods to prepare graphene. (en)
Title	Chemical Preparation of Graphene Materials Results in Extensive Unintentional Doping with Heteroatoms and Metals Chemical Preparation of Graphene Materials Results in Extensive Unintentional Doping with Heteroatoms and Metals (en)
skos:prefLabel	Chemical Preparation of Graphene Materials Results in Extensive Unintentional Doping with Heteroatoms and Metals Chemical Preparation of Graphene Materials Results in Extensive Unintentional Doping with Heteroatoms and Metals (en)
skos:notation	RIV/61389005:_____/14:00439721!RIV15-GA0-61389005
http://linked.open...avai/riv/aktivita	I P S
http://linked.open...avai/riv/aktivity	I, P(GBP108/12/G108), P(LM2011019), S
http://linked.open...iv/cisloPeriodika	48
http://linked.open...vai/riv/dodaniDat	2015
http://linked.open...aciTvurceVysledku	Havránek, Vítězslav Macková, Anna Tomandl, Ivo
http://linked.open.../riv/druhVysledku	J - Článek v odborném periodiku
http://linked.open...iv/duvernostUdaju	S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje nepodléhající ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
http://linked.open...titaPredkladatele	Ústav jaderné fyziky AV ČR, v. v. i.
http://linked.open...dnocenehoVysledku	7088
http://linked.open...ai/riv/idVysledku	RIV/61389005:_____/14:00439721
http://linked.open...riv/jazykVysledku	eng - angličtina
http://linked.open.../riv/klicovaSlova	doping; graphene; heteroatoms; oxidation; synthetic methods (en)
http://linked.open.../riv/klicoveSlovo	oxidation graphene synthetic methods doping heteroatoms
http://linked.open...odStatuVydavatele	DE - Spolková republika Německo
http://linked.open...ontrolniKodProRIV	[EF1DE4FB7A43]
http://linked.open...i/riv/nazevZdroje	Chemistry A European Journal
http://linked.open...in/vavai/riv/obor	BG
http://linked.open...ichTvurcuVysledku	3 (xsd:int)
http://linked.open...cetTvurcuVysledku	7 (xsd:int)
http://linked.open...vavai/riv/projekt	Preparation, modification and characterization of materials by radiation CANAM (Center of Accelerators and Nuclear Analytical Methods)
http://linked.open...UplatneniVysledku	2014
http://linked.open...v/svazekPeriodika	20
http://linked.open...iv/tvurceVysledku	Havránek, Vladimír Macková, Anna Tomandl, Ivo Sofer, Z. Pumera, M. Chua, C. K. Ambrosi, A.
http://linked.open...ain/vavai/riv/wos	000345234900016
issn	1521-3765
number of pages	8 (xsd:int)
http://bibframe.org/vocab/doi	10.1002/chem.201404205

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