| Attributes | Values |
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| rdf:type
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| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - Ephedra is an alkaloid chemical compound traditionally obtained from the plant <i>Ephedra sinica</i>. The sale of ephedra-containing supplements was banned in the United States in 2004. The drug is still sold in Canada in OTC formulations. (en)
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| http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Gurley BJ, Wang P, Gardner SF: Ephedrine-type alkaloid content of nutritional supplements containing Ephedra sinica (Ma-huang) as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Sci. 1998 Dec;87(12):1547-53. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189265 # Abourashed EA, El-Alfy AT, Khan IA, Walker L: Ephedra in perspective--a current review. Phytother Res. 2003 Aug;17(7):703-12. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12916063 # Haller CA, Benowitz NL: Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med. 2000 Dec 21;343(25):1833-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11117974 # Bent S, Tiedt TN, Odden MC, Shlipak MG: The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Mar 18;138(6):468-71. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12639079 (en)
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
| - approved (en)
- nutraceutical (en)
- withdrawn (en)
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - Ephedra is widely used by athletes, despite a lack of evidence that it enhances athletic performance. Ephedra has also been used for weight loss. (en)
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| sameAs
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| Title
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| adms:identifier
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of Ephedra. Pseudoephedrine is used in over-the-counter decongestants. Derivatives of ephedrine are used to treat low blood pressure, but alternatives with reduced cardiovascular risk have replaced it for treating asthma. Ephedrine is also considered a performance-enhancing drug and is prohibited in most competitive sports. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine - that is, its principal mechanism of action relies on its direct and indirect actions on the adrenergic receptor system, which is part of the sympathetic nervous system. Ephedrine increases post-synaptic noradrenergic receptor activity by (weakly) directly activating post-synaptic α-receptors and β-receptors, but the bulk of its effect comes from the pre-synaptic neuron being unable to distinguish between real adrenaline or noradrenaline from ephedrine. The ephedrine, mixed with noradrenaline, is transported through the noradrenaline reuptake complex and packaged (along with real noradrenaline) into vesicles that reside at the terminal button of a nerve cell. Ephedrine's action as an agonist at most major noradrenaline receptors and its ability to increase the release of both dopamine and to a lesser extent, serotonin by the same mechanism is presumed to have a major role in its mechanism of action. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Chinese jointfir (en)
- Indian jointfir (en)
- Ma huang (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drug/hasAHFSCode
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/mixture
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| foaf:page
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| http://linked.open.../affectedOrganism
| - Humans and other mammals (en)
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