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| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - Doxepin hydrochloride is a dibenzoxepin-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, doxepin does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, doxepin exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tertiary amine TCAs, such as doxepin and amitriptyline, are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline and desipramine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptors, α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. Doxepin has less sedative and anticholinergic effects than amitriptyline. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Doxepin may be used to treat depression and insomnia. Unlabeled indications include chronic and neuropathic pain, and anxiety. Doxepin may also be used as a second line agent to treat idiopathic urticaria. (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/dosage
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| http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Virtanen R, Iisalo E, Irjala K: Protein binding of doxepin and desmethyldoxepin. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1982 Aug;51(2):159-64. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7113722 # Virtanen R, Scheinin M, Iisalo E: Single dose pharmacokinetics of doxepin in healthy volunteers. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1980 Nov;47(5):371-6. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7293791 # Virtanen R, Scheinin M, Iisalo E: Single dose pharmacokinetics of doxepin in healthy volunteers. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1980 Nov;47(5):371-6. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7293791 # Negro-Alvarez JM, Carreno-Rojo A, Funes-Vera E, Garcia-Canovas A, Abellan-Aleman AF, Rubio del Barrio R: Pharmacologic therapy for urticaria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1997 Jan-Feb;25(1):36-51. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9111875 # Sansone RA, Sansone LA: Pain, pain, go away: antidepressants and pain management. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2008 Dec;5(12):16-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19724772 # Kirchheiner J, Meineke I, Muller G, Roots I, Brockmoller J: Contributions of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to the biotransformation of E- and Z-doxepin in healthy volunteers. Pharmacogenetics. 2002 Oct;12(7):571-80. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12360109 (en)
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/halfLife
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - Doxepin is used for the treatment of depression and/or anxiety. It can also be used for chronic urticaria and in the management of pain. (en)
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| sameAs
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| Title
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| adms:identifier
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - The mechanism of action of doxepin is not completely understood. It is thought that like amitriptyline, doxepin enhances the actions of norepinephrine and serotonin by blocking their reuptake at the neuronal membrane. However, doxepin weakly inhibits the reuptake of dopamine. Doxepin may also act on histamine H<sub>1</sub>-receptors, resulting in sedative effects, and β-adrenergic receptors. It is also an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptors, alpha-1 adrenergic receptor, and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/packager
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Doxepin (en)
- Sinequan (en)
- Zonalon (en)
- Cidoxepin (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/toxicity
| - LD<sub>50</sub>=26 (mg/kg) (in mice, iv); LD<sub>50</sub>=16 (mg/kg) (in rats, iv); Cardiac dysrhythmias, severe hypotension, convulsions, and CNS depression, including coma. Changes in the electrocardiogram, particularly in QRS axis or width, are clinically significant indicators of tricyclic antidepressant toxicity. Side effects include: sedation, hypotension, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, postural hypotension, tachycardia, hypertension, ECG changes, heart failure, impaired memory and delirium, and precipitation of hypomanic or manic episodes in bipolar depression. Withdrawal symptoms include gastrointestinal disturbances, anxiety, and insomnia. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drug/hasAHFSCode
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| http://linked.open...k/foodInteraction
| - Avoid St.John's Wort. (en)
- Avoid alcohol. (en)
- Take with food to reduce irritation. (en)
- Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (caffeine). (en)
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| http://linked.open...nk/proteinBinding
| - Doxepin and desmethyldoxepin is 80% protein bound. It is also a lipophillic drug and is capable of crossing the blood-brain-barrier. (en)
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/salt
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| http://linked.open...ynthesisReference
| - Luigi Schioppi, Brian Talmadge Dorsey, Michael Skinner, John Carter, Robert Mansbach, Philip Jochelson, Roberta L. Rogowski, Cara Casseday, Meredith Perry, Bryan Knox, "LOW-DOSE DOXEPIN FORMULATIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME." U.S. Patent US20090074862, issued March 19, 2009. (en)
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| foaf:page
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/IUPAC-Name
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/InChI
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| http://linked.open...Molecular-Formula
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| http://linked.open.../Molecular-Weight
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| http://linked.open...noisotopic-Weight
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/SMILES
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| http://linked.open.../Water-Solubility
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logP
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logS
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