| Attributes | Values |
|---|
| rdf:type
| |
| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses. [PubChem] (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/dosage
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/halfLife
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - For the suppressive treatment and for acute attacks of malaria due to P. vivax, P.malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum, Second-line agent in treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (en)
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| http://linked.open...bank/manufacturer
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| sameAs
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| Title
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| adms:identifier
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - The mechanism of plasmodicidal action of chloroquine is not completely certain. Like other quinoline derivatives, it is thought to inhibit heme polymerase activity. This results in accumulation of free heme, which is toxic to the parasites. nside red blood cells, the malarial parasite must degrade hemoglobin to acquire essential amino acids, which the parasite requires to construct its own protein and for energy metabolism. Digestion is carried out in a vacuole of the parasite cell. During this process, the parasite produces the toxic and soluble molecule heme. The heme moiety consists of a porphyrin ring called Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX (FP). To avoid destruction by this molecule, the parasite biocrystallizes heme to form hemozoin, a non-toxic molecule. Hemozoin collects in the digestive vacuole as insoluble crystals. Chloroquine enters the red blood cell, inhabiting parasite cell, and digestive vacuole by simple diffusion. Chloroquine then becomes protonated (to CQ2+), as the digestive vacuole is known to be acidic (pH 4.7); chloroquine then cannot leave by diffusion. Chloroquine caps hemozoin molecules to prevent further biocrystallization of heme, thus leading to heme buildup. Chloroquine binds to heme (or FP) to form what is known as the FP-Chloroquine complex; this complex is highly toxic to the cell and disrupts membrane function. Action of the toxic FP-Chloroquine and FP results in cell lysis and ultimately parasite cell autodigestion. In essence, the parasite cell drowns in its own metabolic products. (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/packager
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| http://linked.open...outeOfElimination
| - Excretion of chloroquine is quite slow, but is increased by acidification of the urine. (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Chloroquine (en)
- Aralen (en)
- Artrichin (en)
- Bemaphate (en)
- Capquin (en)
- Chlorochin (en)
- Resochin (en)
- Resoquine (en)
- Reumachlor (en)
- Sanoquin (en)
- Chloraquine (en)
- Chlorochine (en)
- Chloroquina (en)
- Chloroquinium (en)
- N(4)-(7-chloro-4-Quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine (en)
- Chloroquinum (en)
- Cloroquina (en)
- Nivaquine b (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drug/hasAHFSCode
| |
| http://linked.open...k/foodInteraction
| - Take with food to reduce irritation and increase bioavailability. (en)
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| http://linked.open...nk/proteinBinding
| - ~55% of the drug in the plasma is bound to nondiffusible plasma constituents (en)
|
| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/salt
| |
| http://linked.open...ynthesisReference
| - Andersag, H., Breitner, S.and Jung, H.; U S . Patent 2,233,970; March 4,1941; assigned to Winthrop Chemical Company, Inc. (en)
|
| foaf:page
| |
| http://linked.open...ugbank/IUPAC-Name
| |
| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/InChI
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| http://linked.open...Molecular-Formula
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| http://linked.open.../Molecular-Weight
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| http://linked.open...noisotopic-Weight
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/SMILES
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| http://linked.open.../Water-Solubility
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logP
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logS
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| http://linked.open...logy/drugbank/pKa
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| http://linked.open...l/drug/hasATCCode
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| http://linked.open...nd-Acceptor-Count
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| http://linked.open...-Bond-Donor-Count
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/InChIKey
| |
| http://linked.open...urface-Area--PSA-
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| http://linked.open...nk/Polarizability
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| http://linked.open...bank/Refractivity
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| http://linked.open...atable-Bond-Count
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/absorption
| - Completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract (en)
|
| http://linked.open.../affectedOrganism
| |
| http://linked.open...casRegistryNumber
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/category
| |
| http://linked.open...gbank/containedIn
| |
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