About: Morphine

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An Entity of Type : http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/drugbank/Drug, within Data Space : linked.opendata.cz associated with source document(s)

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http://linked.open...gbank/description	The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle. [PubChem] (en)
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http://linked.open...generalReferences	# Kilpatrick GJ, Smith TW: Morphine-6-glucuronide: actions and mechanisms. Med Res Rev. 2005 Sep;25(5):521-44. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15952175 # Loguinov AV, Anderson LM, Crosby GJ, Yukhananov RY: Gene expression following acute morphine administration. Physiol Genomics. 2001 Aug 28;6(3):169-81. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11526201 (en)
http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group	approved (en) investigational (en)
http://linked.open...drugbank/halfLife	2-4 hours (en)
http://linked.open...ugbank/indication	For the relief and treatment of severe pain. (en)
http://linked.open...bank/manufacturer	DAVA Pharmaceuticals Actavis elizabeth llc Direct Dispensing Inc. App pharmaceuticals llc Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care Global Pharmaceuticals Heartland Repack Services LLC Innoviant Pharmacy Inc. Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply Liberty Pharmaceuticals Clonmel healthcare ltd Eli lilly and co Abraxis pharmaceutical products Akorn inc App pharmaceuticals llc Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care Actavis
sameAs	Morphine
Title	Morphine (en)
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http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction	The precise mechanism of the analgesic action of morphine is unknown. However, specific CNS opiate receptors have been identified and likely play a role in the expression of analgesic effects. Morphine first acts on the mu-opioid receptors. The mechanism of respiratory depression involves a reduction in the responsiveness of the brain stem respiratory centers to increases in carbon dioxide tension and to electrical stimulation. It has been shown that morphine binds to and inhibits GABA inhibitory interneurons. These interneurons normally inhibit the descending pain inhibition pathway. So, without the inhibitory signals, pain modulation can proceed downstream. (en)
http://linked.open...drugbank/packager	Actavis Group Alpharma us pharmaceuticals division Sandoz Abbott Laboratories Ltd. APP Pharmaceuticals AG Marin Pharmaceuticals Alba Pharmacal APP Pharmaceuticals Alphapharm pty ltd Pfizer Inc. Bradley Pharmaceuticals Inc. Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals C.O. Truxton Inc. Cardinal Health Carlisle Laboratories Inc.

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