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| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - Venlafaxine (Effexor) is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class first introduced by Wyeth in 1993. It is prescribed for the treatment of clinical depression and anxiety disorders. Due to the pronounced side effects and suspicions that venlafaxine may significantly increase the risk of suicide it is not recommended as a first line treatment of depression. However, it is often effective for depression not responding to SSRIs. Venlafaxine was the sixth most widely-used antidepressant based on the amount of retail prescriptions in the US (17.1 million) in 2006. [Wikipedia] (en)
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/dosage
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| http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Golden RN, Nicholas L: Antidepressant efficacy of venlafaxine. Depress Anxiety. 2000;12 Suppl 1:45-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11098413 # Thase ME, Clayton AH, Haight BR, Thompson AH, Modell JG, Johnston JA: A double-blind comparison between bupropion XL and venlafaxine XR: sexual functioning, antidepressant efficacy, and tolerability. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 Oct;26(5):482-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16974189 # Bielski RJ, Ventura D, Chang CC: A double-blind comparison of escitalopram and venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;65(9):1190-6. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15367045 # Rowbotham MC, Goli V, Kunz NR, Lei D: Venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain. 2004 Aug;110(3):697-706. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15288411 # Ozyalcin SN, Talu GK, Kiziltan E, Yucel B, Ertas M, Disci R: The efficacy and safety of venlafaxine in the prophylaxis of migraine. Headache. 2005 Feb;45(2):144-52. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705120 # Whirl-Carrillo M, McDonagh EM, Hebert JM, Gong L, Sangkuhl K, Thorn CF, Altman RB, Klein TE: Pharmacogenomics knowledge for personalized medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Oct;92(4):414-7. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2012.96. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992668 # Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19515014 (en)
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/halfLife
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| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - For the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (social phobia), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, vasomotor symptoms in women with breast cancer and in postmenopausal women, and neuropathic pain. (en)
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| http://linked.open...bank/manufacturer
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - The exact mechanism of action of venlafaxine is unknown, but appears to be associated with the its potentiation of neurotransmitter activity in the CNS. Venlafaxine and its active metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine with a potency greater for the 5-HT than for the NE reuptake process. Both venlafaxine and the ODV metabolite have weak inhibitory effects on the reuptake of dopamine but, unlike the tricyclics and similar to SSRIs, they are not active at histaminergic, muscarinic, or alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors. (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/packager
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| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/patent
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| http://linked.open...outeOfElimination
| - Renal elimination of venlafaxine and its metabolites is the primary route of excretion. Approximately 87% of a venlafaxine dose is recovered in the urine within 48 hours as either unchanged venlafaxine (5%), unconjugated ODV (29%), conjugated ODV (26%), or other minor inactive metabolites (27%). (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Venlafaxine (en)
- Elafax (en)
- Venlafaxina (en)
- Venlafaxinum (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/toxicity
| - Most patients overdosing with venlafaxine develop only mild symptoms. However, severe toxicity is reported with the most common symptoms being CNS depression, serotonin toxicity, seizure, or cardiac conduction abnormalities. Venlafaxine's toxicity appears to be higher than other SSRIs, with a fatal toxic dose closer to that of the tricyclic antidepressants than the SSRIs. Doses of 900 mg or more are likely to cause moderate toxicity. Deaths have been reported following large doses. (en)
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| http://linked.open...umeOfDistribution
| - * 7.5 ± 3.7 L/kg [venlafaxine] * 5.7 ± 1.8 L/kg [O-desmethylvenlafaxine(active metabolite)] (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drug/hasAHFSCode
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| http://linked.open...k/foodInteraction
| - Avoid St.John's Wort. (en)
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