| Attributes | Values |
|---|
| rdf:type
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| http://linked.open...gbank/description
| - A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. [PubChem] (en)
|
| http://linked.open...generalReferences
| - # Struzynska L, Chalimoniuk M, Sulkowski G: The role of astroglia in Pb-exposed adult rat brain with respect to glutamate toxicity. Toxicology. 2005 Sep 1;212(2-3):185-94. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15955607 # Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, Lauterburg BH: The systemic availability of oral glutathione. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;43(6):667-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1362956 # Yim CY, Hibbs JB Jr, McGregor JR, Galinsky RE, Samlowski WE: Use of N-acetyl cysteine to increase intracellular glutathione during the induction of antitumor responses by IL-2. J Immunol. 1994 Jun 15;152(12):5796-805. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8207209 # Drevet JR: The antioxidant glutathione peroxidase family and spermatozoa: a complex story. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006 May 16;250(1-2):70-9. Epub 2006 Jan 19. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16427183 # Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, Lupton JR, Turner ND: Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health. J Nutr. 2004 Mar;134(3):489-92. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988435 (en)
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| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
| - approved (en)
- nutraceutical (en)
|
| http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
| - For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance (en)
|
| sameAs
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| Title
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| adms:identifier
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| http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
| - Glutathione (GSH) participates in leukotriene synthesis and is a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. It is also important as a hydrophilic molecule that is added to lipophilic toxins and waste in the liver during biotransformation before they can become part of the bile. Glutathione is also needed for the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxin produced as a by-product of metabolism. This detoxification reaction is carried out by the glyoxalase system. Glyoxalase I catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione to S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione. Glyoxalase II catalyzes the conversion of S-D-Lactoyl Glutathione to Reduced Glutathione and D-lactate. GSH is known as a cofactor in both conjugation reactions and reduction reactions, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase enzymes in cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. However, it is capable of participating in non-enzymatic conjugation with some chemicals, as it is hypothesized to do to a significant extent with n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), the reactive cytochrome P450 reactive metabolite formed by toxic overdose of acetaminophen. Glutathione in this capacity binds to NAPQI as a suicide substrate and in the process detoxifies it, taking the place of cellular protein sulfhydryl groups which would otherwise be toxically adducted. The preferred medical treatment to an overdose of this nature, whose efficacy has been consistently supported in literature, is the administration (usually in atomized form) of N-acetylcysteine, which is used by cells to replace spent GSSG and allow a usable GSH pool. (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/packager
| |
| http://linked.open.../drugbank/synonym
| - Glutathione (en)
- 5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (en)
- GSH (en)
- N-(N-gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)glycine (en)
- gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine (en)
- Glutathione-SH (en)
- Reduced glutathione (en)
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/toxicity
| - ORL-MUS LD<sub>50</sub> 5000 mg/kg, IPR-MUS LD<sub>50</sub> 4020 mg/kg, SCU-MUS LD<sub>50</sub> 5000 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD<sub>50</sub> > 2000 mg/kg, IMS-MUS LD<sub>50</sub> 4000 mg/kg (en)
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| http://linked.open.../drugbank/mixture
| |
| http://linked.open...ynthesisReference
| - Akihiro Mizutani, "Complexes of polysaccharides or derivatives thereof with reduced glutathione and process for preparing said complexes." U.S. Patent US4009264, issued February, 1971. (en)
|
| foaf:page
| |
| http://linked.open...ugbank/IUPAC-Name
| |
| http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/InChI
| |
| http://linked.open...Molecular-Formula
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| http://linked.open.../Molecular-Weight
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| http://linked.open...noisotopic-Weight
| |
| http://linked.open...y/drugbank/SMILES
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| http://linked.open.../Water-Solubility
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logP
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| http://linked.open...ogy/drugbank/logS
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| http://linked.open...l/drug/hasATCCode
| |
| http://linked.open...nd-Acceptor-Count
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| http://linked.open...-Bond-Donor-Count
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/InChIKey
| |
| http://linked.open...urface-Area--PSA-
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| http://linked.open...nk/Polarizability
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| http://linked.open...bank/Refractivity
| |
| http://linked.open...atable-Bond-Count
| |
| http://linked.open...ugbank/absorption
| - Research suggests that glutathione is not orally bioactive, and that very little of oral glutathione tablets or capsules is actually absorbed by the body. (en)
|
| http://linked.open.../affectedOrganism
| - Humans and other mammals (en)
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| http://linked.open...casRegistryNumber
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| http://linked.open...drugbank/category
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| http://linked.open...gbank/containedIn
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| http://linked.open...k/Bioavailability
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| http://linked.open...bank/Ghose-Filter
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| http://linked.open...nk/MDDR-Like-Rule
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| http://linked.open...ank/Melting-Point
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| http://linked.open...k/Number-of-Rings
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| http://linked.open...siological-Charge
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| http://linked.open...bank/Rule-of-Five
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| http://linked.open...tional-IUPAC-Name
| |
| http://linked.open...strongest-acidic-
| |
| http://linked.open...-strongest-basic-
| |
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