About: T-Cell Activation Co-Stimulatory Signaling Pathway

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Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Class
rdfs:label	T-Cell Activation Co-Stimulatory Signaling Pathway
rdfs:subClassOf	Signaling Pathway Immune Response Regulation Pathway
Semantic_Type	Functional Concept
Preferred_Name	T-Cell Activation Co-Stimulatory Signaling Pathway
UMLS_CUI	C1515121
BioCarta_ID	h_ctla4Pathway
ALT_DEFINITION	For a T cell to be activated by a specific antigen, the T cell receptor must recognize complexes of MHC-1 with the antigen on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. T cells and the T cell receptor complex do not respond to antigen in solution, but even for the specific antigen they only respond to antigen-MHC-1 complexes on the cell surface. This interaction is necessary for T cell activation, but it is not sufficient. T cell activation also requires a co-stimulatory signal involving interaction of CD28 on the T cell with CD80 or CD86 (B7 family genes) on the antigen-presenting cell. CD28 activates a signal transduction pathway acting through PI-3K, Lck and Grb-2/ITK to provide its co-stimulatory signal for T cell activation. Another means to control T cell activation is by expressing factors that down-regulate T cell activation. Signaling by activated T cell receptors induces expression of CTLA-4, a receptor that opposes T cell activation. CTLA-4 has a higher affinity than CD28 for B7 proteins, terminating T cell activation. ICOS is a protein related to CD28 that is only expressed on activated T cells, and that provides another important co-stimulatory signal. The requirement for co-stimulatory signals provides additional control mechanisms that prevent inappropriate and hazardous T cell activation.BIOCARTA
Legacy_Concept_Name	T-Cell_Activation_Co-Stimulatory_Signaling_Pathway
FULL_SYN	The Co-Stimulatory Signal During T-cell ActivationPTBIOCARTA T-Cell Activation Co-Stimulatory Signaling PathwayPTNCI
code	C39041
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