About: PPAR-alpha Gene Regulation Pathway

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Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Class
rdfs:label	PPAR-alpha Gene Regulation Pathway
rdfs:subClassOf	Regulatory Pathway
Semantic_Type	Functional Concept
Preferred_Name	PPAR-alpha Gene Regulation Pathway
UMLS_CUI	C1518805
BioCarta_ID	h_pparaPathway
ALT_DEFINITION	The most recognized mechanism by which peroxisome proliferators regulate gene expression is through a PPAR/RXR heterodimeric complex binding to a peroxisome proliferator-response element (PPRE) (classical mechanism). However, there is the possibility of several variations on this theme: 1) the peroxisome proliferator interacts with PPAR that preexists as a DNA complex with associated corepressors proteins. The interaction with ligand causes release of the corepressor and association with a coactivator, resulting in the classical mechanism. 2) the peroxisome proliferator interacts with PPAR as a soluble member of the nucleus. The binding of ligand results in RXR heterodimerization, DNA binding and coactivator recruitment. 3) in this scenario, PPAR exists in the cytosol, perhaps complexed to heat shock protein 90 and/or other chaperones. Binding of peroxisome proliferator causes a conformational change and translocation into the nucleus. Scenarios 4 and 5 require regulation of gene expression via non-classical mechanisms: 4) PPAR is capable of interacting with, and forming DNA binding heterodimers with, several nuclear receptors including the thyroid hormone receptor. The binding site for this non-RXR heterodimer need not be the classic DR-1 motif found in the PPRE. 5) PPAR may participate in the regulation of gene expression without binding to DNA. By association with transcription factors such as c-jun or p65, PPAR diminishes the ability of AP1 or NFB to bind to their cognate DNA sequences, respectively. Also shown in this scheme are two means to modify the peroxisome proliferator response. Most importantly, growth factor signaling has a pronounced affect on PPAR via post-translational modification. PPAR is a phosphoprotein and its activity is affected by insulin. Several kinase pathways affect PPARa's activity, although the specific kinases and phosphorylation sites have not been conclusively determined.BIOCARTA
Legacy_Concept_Name	PPARa-alpha_Gene_Regulation_Pathway
FULL_SYN	Mechanism of Gene Regulation by Peroxisome Proliferators via PPARa(alpha)PTBIOCARTA PPAR-alpha Gene Regulation PathwayPTNCI PPARA Gene Regulation PathwaySYNCI
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