About: Tetrahydrobiopterin     Goto   Sponge   Distinct   Permalink

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  • Tetrahydrobiopterin or BH4 is a cofactor in the synthesis of nitric oxide. It is also essential in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase; the conversion of tyrosine to L-dopa by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase; and conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan via tryptophan hydroxylase. [Wikipedia] (en)
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http://linked.open...generalReferences
  • # Thony B, Auerbach G, Blau N: Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, regeneration and functions. Biochem J. 2000 Apr 1;347 Pt 1:1-16. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10727395 (en)
http://linked.open...gy/drugbank/group
  • approved (en)
  • investigational (en)
http://linked.open...ugbank/indication
  • For the treatment of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency. (en)
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sameAs
Title
  • Tetrahydrobiopterin (en)
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http://linked.open...mechanismOfAction
  • Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a natural co-factor or co-enzyme for phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH),Tetrahydrobiopterine, and tryptophan-5-hydroxylase. Tetrahydrobiopterin is also a natural co-factor for nitrate oxide synthase. Therefore BH4 is required for the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, for the production of epinephrine (adrenaline) and the synthesis of the monoamine neuro-transmitters, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). It is also involved in apoptosis and other cellular events mediated by nitric oxide production. As a coenzyme, BH4 reacts with molecular oxygen to form an active oxygen intermediate that can hydroxylate substrates. In the hydroxylation process, the co-enzyme loses two electrons and is regenerated in vivo in an NADH-dependent reaction. As a co-factor for PAH, tetrahydrobiopterin allows the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine and reduces the level of phenylalanine in the bloodstream, thereby reducing the toxic effects of of this amino acid. Normal serum concentrations of phenylalanine are 100 micomolar, while elevated (toxic) levels are typically >1200 micromolar. Individuals with a deficiency in tetrahydrobiopterin are not able to efficiently convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. The excess levels provided by tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation help improve enzyme efficiency. As a co-factor for tyrosine hydroxylase, BH4 facilitates the conversion of tyrosine to L-dopa while as a co-factor for tryptophan hydroxylase, BH4 allows the conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan, which is then converted to serotonin. (en)
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  • Tetrahydrobiopterin (en)
  • 5,6,7,8 Tetrahydrobiopterin (en)
  • BH4 (en)
  • sapropterin (en)
  • (6R)-2-Amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(1H)-one (en)
  • 2-Amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydoro-4(1H)-pteridinone (en)
  • 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin (en)
http://linked.open...ynthesisReference
  • Steven S. Gross, "Blocking utilization of tetrahydrobiopterin to block induction of nitric oxide synthesis." U.S. Patent US5502050, issued October, 1984. (en)
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http://linked.open.../affectedOrganism
  • Humans and other mammals (en)
http://linked.open...casRegistryNumber
  • 17528-72-2 (en)
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  • (en)
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