@prefix rdf: . @prefix ns1: . @prefix ns2: . ns1:DB00417 rdf:type ns2:Drug ; ns2:description "Penicillin V is narrow spectrum antibiotic used to treat mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is a natural penicillin antibiotic that is administered orally. Penicillin V may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms. Natural penicillins are considered the drugs of choice for several infections caused by susceptible gram positive aerobic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. Aminoglycosides may be added for synergy against group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae), S. viridans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The natural penicillins may also be used as first or second line agents against susceptible gram positive aerobic bacilli such as Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Natural penicillins have limited activity against gram negative organisms; however, they may be used in some cases to treat infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Pasteurella. They are not generally used to treat anaerobic infections. Resistance patterns, susceptibility and treatment guidelines vary across regions. "@en ; ns2:dosage ; ns2:generalReferences "# : Inadvertent use of Bicillin C-R to treat syphilis infection--Los Angeles, California, 1999-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Mar 11;54(9):217-9. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15758893 # Gruchalla RS, Pirmohamed M: Clinical practice. Antibiotic allergy. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 9;354(6):601-9. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16467547"@en ; ns2:group "approved"@en ; ns2:halfLife "30 to 40 minutes"@en ; ns2:indication "For the treatment of mild to moderately severe infections (e.g. dental infection, infections in the heart, middle ear infections, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, skin infections, upper and lower respiratory tract infections) due to microorganisms"@en ; ns2:manufacturer , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix owl: . @prefix ns4: . ns1:DB00417 owl:sameAs ns4:DB00417 . @prefix ns5: . ns1:DB00417 owl:sameAs ns5:DB00417 . @prefix dcterms: . ns1:DB00417 dcterms:title "Penicillin V"@en . @prefix adms: . @prefix ns8: . ns1:DB00417 adms:identifier ns8:Penicillin_V . @prefix ns9: . ns1:DB00417 adms:identifier ns9:C08126 . @prefix ns10: . ns1:DB00417 adms:identifier ns10:D05411 . @prefix ns11: . ns1:DB00417 adms:identifier ns11:DB00417 , , , , , . @prefix ns12: . ns1:DB00417 adms:identifier ns12:PNV . @prefix ns13: . ns1:DB00417 adms:identifier ns13:PA164745442 ; ns2:mechanismOfAction "By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Penicillin V inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Penicillin V interferes with an autolysin inhibitor."@en ; ns2:packager , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; ns2:routeOfElimination "Mostly renal. A small percentage is eliminated by feces and the biliary route."@en ; ns2:synonym "PV"@en , "Penicillin Phenoxymethyl"@en , "Phenoxomethylpenicillin"@en , "Phenoxymethyl Penicillin"@en , "Phenoxymethylpenicillinum"@en , "Phenoxymethylenepenicillinic acid"@en , "(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-DIMETHYL-7-oxo-6-(2-phenoxyacetamido)-4-thia-1- azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid"@en , "Fenoximetilpenicilina"@en , "Fenospen"@en , "6-phenoxyacetamidopenicillanic acid"@en , "Phenoxymethylpenicillin"@en , "(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid"@en , "Penicillin v"@en , "V-cillin"@en , "Oracillin"@en , "Phenoxymethylpenicilline"@en ; ns2:toxicity "LD₅₀ >1040 mg/kg (Orally in rats with Sodium salt); Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, and, in rare cases, major motor seizures"@en . @prefix ns14: . ns1:DB00417 ns14:hasAHFSCode ; ns2:foodInteraction "Absorption is increased when taken on an empty stomach (one hour before or two hours after meals)."@en ; ns2:mixture , , , , ; ns2:proteinBinding "80%"@en ; ns2:salt " "@en ; ns2:synthesisReference "Hephzibah Sivaraman, Archana Pundle, Cheravakkattu Suresh, George Dodson, James Brannigan, \"Process for production of large amount of penicillin V acylase.\" U.S. Patent US20050142652, issued June 30, 2005."@en . @prefix ns15: . @prefix ns16: . ns1:DB00417 ns15:hasConcept ns16:M0016142 . @prefix foaf: . ns1:DB00417 foaf:page , , ; ns2:IUPAC-Name ; ns2:InChI ; ns2:Molecular-Formula ; ns2:Molecular-Weight ; ns2:Monoisotopic-Weight ; ns2:SMILES ; ns2:Water-Solubility , ; ns2:logP , , ; ns2:logS ; ns2:pKa . @prefix ns18: . ns1:DB00417 ns14:hasATCCode ns18:J01CE02 ; ns2:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count ; ns2:H-Bond-Donor-Count ; ns2:InChIKey ; ns2:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA- ; ns2:Polarizability ; ns2:Refractivity ; ns2:Rotatable-Bond-Count ; ns2:absorption "25% of the dose given is absorbed, 50-60% bioavailable"@en ; ns2:affectedOrganism "Borrelia burgdorferi"@en , "Gram-negative Bacteria"@en , "Streptococcus pyogenes"@en , "Bacteria"@en , "Bacillus anthracis"@en ; ns2:casRegistryNumber "87-08-1"@en ; ns2:category " "@en ; ns2:containedIn , , , , , , , , , , , , ; ns2:Bioavailability ; ns2:Ghose-Filter ; ns2:MDDR-Like-Rule ; ns2:Melting-Point ; ns2:Number-of-Rings ; ns2:Physiological-Charge ; ns2:Rule-of-Five ; ns2:Traditional-IUPAC-Name ; ns2:pKa--strongest-acidic- ; ns2:pKa--strongest-basic- .