"# Jordan BF, Runquist M, Raghunand N, Gillies RJ, Tate WR, Powis G, Baker AF: The thioredoxin-1 inhibitor 1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide (PX-12) decreases vascular permeability in tumor xenografts monitored by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jan 15;11(2 Pt 1):529-36. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15701837 # Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR: Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Jun;29(5):359-73. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17805439 # Ramanathan RK, Kirkpatrick DL, Belani CP, Friedland D, Green SB, Chow HH, Cordova CA, Stratton SP, Sharlow ER, Baker A, Dragovich T: A Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of PX-12, a novel inhibitor of thioredoxin-1, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 1;13(7):2109-14. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17404093 # Galmarini CM: Drug evaluation: the thioredoxin inhibitor PX-12 in the treatment of cancer. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2006 Dec;7(12):1108-15. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17209529 # Kiviharju K, Moilanen U, Leisola M, Eerikainen T: A chemostat study of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius N47. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Jan;73(6):1267-74. Epub 2006 Nov 7. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17115210 # Baker AF, Dragovich T, Tate WR, Ramanathan RK, Roe D, Hsu CH, Kirkpatrick DL, Powis G: The antitumor thioredoxin-1 inhibitor PX-12 (1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide) decreases thioredoxin-1 and VEGF levels in cancer patient plasma. J Lab Clin Med. 2006 Feb;147(2):83-90. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16459166 # Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR: Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;26(3):211-44. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15148527 # Bergink AP, van Meurs JB, Loughlin J, Arp PP, Fang Y, Hofman A, van Leeuwen JP, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HA: Estrogen receptor alpha gene haplotype is associated with radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee in elderly men and women. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Jul;48(7):1913-22. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12847685 # Welsh SJ, Williams RR, Birmingham A, Newman DJ, Kirkpatrick DL, Powis G: The thioredoxin redox inhibitors 1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide and pleurotin inhibit hypoxia-induced factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor formation. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003 Mar;2(3):235-43. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12657718 # Husbeck B, Powis G: The redox protein thioredoxin-1 regulates the constitutive and inducible expression of the estrogen metabolizing cytochromes P450 1B1 and 1A1 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Oct;23(10):1625-30. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376470"@en . . "investigational"@en . . . . . "PX-12 irreversibly inhibits the redox protein thioredoxin, which has been associated with cancer and tumor growth."@en . . "Investigated for use/treatment in cancer/tumors (unspecified), gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer."@en . . "1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide"@en . "Doses of PX-12 up to 226 mg/m2 were shown to be well tolerated and had minimal toxicity"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "the optimum PD dose was identified as 96 mg/m2 as a 3-hr infusion"@en . . . . "PX-12 (1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide) is a small-molecule inhibitor of Trx-1 (thioredoxin-1), stimulates apoptosis, down-regulates HIF-1\u03B1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibits tumor growth in animal models. Since high levels of Trx-1 have been associated with colorectal, gastric and lung cancers, PX-12 is indicated as a potential cancer treatment in combination with chemotherapy for patients with advanced metastatic cancer. Initial trials correlated doses of Px-12 with increased patient survival."@en . . "PX-12"@en . . . . . . .