@prefix rdf: . @prefix ns1: . @prefix ns2: . ns1:DB01008 rdf:type ns2:Drug ; ns2:description "Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent, having a selective immunosuppressive effect on bone marrow. It is not a structural analog of the nitrogen mustards. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (myeloid leukemia, chronic), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen. [PubChem]"@en ; ns2:dosage , , , ; ns2:generalReferences "# Lesurtel M, Graf R, Aleil B, Walther DJ, Tian Y, Jochum W, Gachet C, Bader M, Clavien PA: Platelet-derived serotonin mediates liver regeneration. Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):104-7. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601191 # Valdez BC, Andersson BS: Interstrand crosslink inducing agents in pretransplant conditioning therapy for hematologic malignancies. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2010 Jul;51(6):659-68. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577993 # Hall AG, Tilby MJ: Mechanisms of action of, and modes of resistance to, alkylating agents used in the treatment of haematological malignancies. Blood Rev. 1992 Sep;6(3):163-73. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1422285 # Ciurea SO, Andersson BS: Busulfan in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009 May;15(5):523-36. Epub 2009 Feb 12. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19361744 # McCune JS, Holmberg LA: Busulfan in hematopoietic stem cell transplant setting. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Aug;5(8):957-69. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19611402 # Krivoy N, Hoffer E, Lurie Y, Bentur Y, Rowe JM: Busulfan use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacology, dose adjustment, safety and efficacy in adults and children. Curr Drug Saf. 2008 Jan;3(1):60-6. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18690982 # Nath CE, Shaw PJ: Busulphan in blood and marrow transplantation: dose, route, frequency and role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;2(1):75-91. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18690856 # FDA label "@en ; ns2:group "approved"@en , "investigational"@en ; ns2:halfLife "2.6 hours"@en ; ns2:indication "For use in combination with cyclophosphamide as a conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous (myeloid, myelocytic, granulocytic) leukemia (FDA has designated busulfan as an orphan drug for this use). It is also used as a component of pretransplant conditioning regimens in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia and nonmalignant diseases."@en ; ns2:manufacturer , . @prefix owl: . @prefix ns4: . ns1:DB01008 owl:sameAs ns4:DB01008 . @prefix ns5: . ns1:DB01008 owl:sameAs ns5:DB01008 . @prefix dcterms: . ns1:DB01008 dcterms:title "Busulfan"@en . @prefix adms: . @prefix ns8: . ns1:DB01008 adms:identifier ns8:Busulfan , . @prefix ns9: . ns1:DB01008 adms:identifier ns9:DB01008 , , . @prefix ns10: . ns1:DB01008 adms:identifier ns10:PA448691 . @prefix ns11: . ns1:DB01008 adms:identifier ns11:D00248 , , ; ns2:mechanismOfAction "Busulfan is an alkylating agent that contains 2 labile methanesulfonate groups attached to opposite ends of a 4-carbon alkyl chain. Once busulfan is hydrolyzed, the methanesulfonate groups are released and carbonium ions are produced. These carbonium ions alkylate DNA, which results in the interference of DNA replication and RNA transcription, ultimately leading to the disruption of nucleic acid function. Specifically, its mechanism of action through alkylation produces guanine-adenine intrastrand crosslinks. This occurs through an SN2 reaction in which the relatively nucleophilic guanine N7 attacks the carbon adjacent to the mesylate leaving group. This kind of damage cannot be repaired by cellular machinery and thus the cell undergoes apoptosis."@en ; ns2:packager , , ; ns2:patent ; ns2:routeOfElimination "Following administration of 14C- labeled busulfan to humans, approximately 30% of the radioactivity was excreted into the urine over 48 hours; negligible amounts were recovered in feces. Less than 2% of the administered dose is excreted in the urine unchanged within 24 hours. Elimination of busulfan is independent of renal function. "@en ; ns2:synonym "Myleran"@en , "Misulban"@en , "1,4-Bis(methanesulfonoxy)butane"@en , "Mablin"@en , "Myeloleukon"@en , "Tetramethylene bis(methanesulfonate)"@en , "1,4-Dimesyloxybutane"@en , "Mitostan"@en , "Busulfano"@en , "1,4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate"@en , "Leucosulfan"@en , "Busulfan"@en , "1,4-Dimethanesulfonoxybutane"@en , "Bisulfex"@en , "Busulfanum"@en , "Mielucin"@en ; ns2:toxicity "Signs of overdose include allergic reaction, unusual bleeding or bruising, sudden weakness or unusual fatigue, persistent cough, congestion, or shortness of breath; flank, stomach or joint pain; pronounced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, confusion, or darkening of the skin, chills, fever, collapse, and loss of consciousness."@en . @prefix ns12: . ns1:DB01008 ns12:hasAHFSCode ; ns2:foodInteraction "Take without regard to meals."@en , "Drink liberally."@en ; ns2:proteinBinding "32% bound to plasma proteins and 47% bound to red blood cells. "@en ; ns2:synthesisReference "Timmis, G.M.; U S . Patent 2,917,432; December 15, 1959; assigned to Burroughs Wellcome & Co., Inc."@en . @prefix ns13: . @prefix ns14: . ns1:DB01008 ns13:hasConcept ns14:M0003079 . @prefix foaf: . ns1:DB01008 foaf:page , ; ns2:IUPAC-Name ; ns2:InChI ; ns2:Molecular-Formula ; ns2:Molecular-Weight ; ns2:Monoisotopic-Weight ; ns2:SMILES ; ns2:Water-Solubility , ; ns2:logP , , ; ns2:logS . @prefix ns16: . ns1:DB01008 ns12:hasATCCode ns16:L01AB01 ; ns2:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count ; ns2:H-Bond-Donor-Count ; ns2:InChIKey ; ns2:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA- ; ns2:Polarizability ; ns2:Refractivity ; ns2:Rotatable-Bond-Count ; ns2:absorption "Completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Busulfan is a small, highly lipophilic molecule that crosses the blood-brain-barrier. The absolute bioavailability, if a single 2 mg IV bolus injection is given to adult patients, is 80% \u00B1 20%. In children (1.5 - 6 years old), the absolute bioavailability was 68% \u00B1 31%. When a single oral dose is given to patients, the area under the curve (AUC) was 130 ng\u2022hr/mL. The peak plasma concentration when given orally is 30 ng/mL (after dose normalization to 2 mg). It takes 0.9 hours to reach peak plasma concentration after dose normalization to 4 mg. "@en ; ns2:affectedOrganism "Humans and other mammals"@en ; ns2:casRegistryNumber "55-98-1"@en ; ns2:category " "@en ; ns2:clearance "* 2.52 ml/min/kg [Following an infusion of dose of 0.8 mg/kg every six hours, for a total of 16 doses over four days]"@en ; ns2:containedIn , ; ns2:Bioavailability ; ns2:Ghose-Filter ; ns2:MDDR-Like-Rule ; ns2:Melting-Point ; ns2:Number-of-Rings ; ns2:Physiological-Charge ; ns2:Rule-of-Five ; ns2:Traditional-IUPAC-Name .